8/25/2023 0 Comments 4th declension latin endings![]() 331)Īnd it looks like on the other hand, some sources may give -uī as a possible dative ending for neuter nouns, not just non-neuter nouns ( The Foundations of Latin, by Philip Baldi, p. Alternatively, it may be an old endingless locative such as * -ō̆u. It is also common in poetry, where metrical requirements often demand a reduction of the diphthong to -ū. It seems to be the result of the strong mutual influence between the ablative and dative, apparent in all plurals, in o-stems, and in some forms of consonantal stems. ūsū 'to the use' (Plautus), vestītū 'to the attire' (Terence), adspectū 'to the sight' (Vergil). The dative ending -ū is well attested with non-neuter nouns, not just with neuter nouns:Īn alternative dative ending -ū, which is normal for neuters like cornū 'to the horn', genū 'to the knee', often appears in masculine and feminine forms as well: cf. Here is some contextual information I was able to find (not a full answer-I hope the bounty will attract one): What sources say about the dative ending How did the -ū dative singular develop for fourth-declension neuter nouns? My best guess is that these nouns were rare enough that their dative singular simply didn't come up that often, so it was changed to be the same as the other singular endings. The PIE ending of that case seems to be * -ewey for all genders, which is close to -uī but not -ū. The fourth declension dative singular, which is -ū for neuters and -uī for non-neuters.The difference has been explained in another answer, and -e (originally -i) and -ī are similar enough that it makes some sense. The third declension i-stem ablative singular, which is always -ī for neuters and often -e for non-neuters.This answer shows that this trend was universal in PIE, but in Latin, there are two exceptions: us and -um in the second declension nominative singular, or -ōs and -a in the accusative plural). Usually, when a neuter case ending is different from the non-neuter ending in the same declension, the difference is in the nominative or accusative case (e.g.
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